Basic Principles of Stoic Philosophy
Stoic philosophy is a practical philosophy born in 3rd century BC Greece and developed in the Roman Empire. Thinkers such as Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius have transmitted its teachings to modern times.
The core of Stoic philosophy is the "dichotomy of control." Epictetus stated:
"There are things within our power and things not within our power. Within our power are judgment, desire, aversion. Not within our power are body, property, reputation, position"
In other words, Stoics teach that focusing on your reactions to external events rather than the events themselves is the path to peace of mind.
Stoic Practice Techniques
Negative Visualization
By imagining the worst-case scenario, you deepen gratitude for the present and prepare for unforeseen circumstances. This is not pessimism but training to develop realistic preparation and psychological resilience.
Practice methods:
- Each morning, briefly imagine difficulties that could occur that day
- By considering the loss of important things, rerecognize current happiness
Voluntary Discomfort
To reduce excessive dependence on comfort, intentionally experience small inconveniences. This increases tolerance for difficulties and reduces attachment to luxuries.
Practice methods:
- Regularly eat simple meals
- Set periods of abstaining from unnecessary shopping
- Accept small discomforts like cold showers or early rising
Focus on the Present
Focus consciousness on this present moment rather than past regrets or future anxieties. Marcus Aurelius repeatedly emphasizes this importance in "Meditations."
Practice methods:
- Concentrate on one task and avoid multitasking
- Pay attention to everyday actions (walking, eating, listening)
Evening Reflection
Seneca had the habit of reflecting on the day's actions every night. It's not to blame yourself but calm analysis to find improvement points.
Questions for reflection:
- What impulses did I give in to today?
- What virtues did I practice?
- How can I improve tomorrow?
Application in Modern Life
The teachings of Stoic philosophy are useful in various modern situations.
Work stress: Focus on the quality of work you can control and let go of attachment to external factors like others' evaluations or promotions
Relationships: Focus on choosing your reactions rather than trying to change others' words and actions
Social media: Distance yourself from comparison with others and live according to your own values
Economic anxiety: Cultivate the ability to be satisfied with the minimum necessary and create a foundation unaffected by external fluctuations
Summary
Stoic philosophy, though over 2,000 years old, provides surprisingly practical guidance for modern concerns. Its essence is accepting what cannot be changed and devoting full effort to what can be changed—your own thoughts and actions. You don't need to become a perfect Stoic philosopher. By accumulating small daily practices, you will be able to make calmer and wiser judgments.